jck28 - 小柒 - 接口测试mock

1269967068_3915 · 2023 年12 月 22 日 09:00

一，mock测试

参考文档：
‘ 接口测试——接口协议抓包分析与mock_L3-CSDN博客 ’

1，mock的价值

不依赖第三方数据
节省工作量
节省联调

2，常用的mock工具

Charles 测试工程师常用
BurpSuite 黑客常用
Fiddler 只能 Windows 上使用
Nginx 服务器反向代理与修改
Mitmproxy 代理工具可编程
Wiremock 代理工具可编程

二，mock实战

（1）Charles工具

1.1 Rewrite方式（原理）

设置方法：

Tools → Rewrite
勾选 Enable Rewrite
点击下方 Add 按钮新建一个重写的规则
在右侧编辑重写规则
点击 ok 生效

1.2 Map Local 方式

原理：

设置方法：

准备本地接口响应数据
配置 Map Local
- 选择要进行 Map Local 的接口
- 鼠标右键 – 选择 Map Local 选项进入设置界面
- Map From 填写接口的信息
- Map To 选择本地文件
修改 Map Local 配置：Tools – Map Local

1.3 Map Remote 方式

设置方法：

选择接口，点击鼠标右键，选择 Map Remote 进入到设置页面
设置重定向的接口信息
点击 ok 生效
修改设置：Tools – Map Remote 找对对应接口双击进入修改界面

（2） WireMock

2.1 依赖导入

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
            <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
            <artifactId>wiremock-jre8</artifactId>
            <version>2.32.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

2.2 使用的 mock流程模板

import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.WireMockServer;  
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock;  
  
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;  
  
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.*;  
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;


//启动服务的端口号
WireMockServer wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8089)); //No-args constructor will start on port 8080, no HTTPS
wireMockServer.start();
configureFor(8089);
// 做一些业务请求逻辑
...

WireMock.reset();

// 完成之后
wireMockServer.stop();

2.2 实战 - mock发送一个请求，请求参数匹配规则

调用下记代码发送请求，然后通过浏览器输入“localhost:8089”，回车查看返回结果是否与body内容匹配


import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.WireMockServer;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.*;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;

public class WireMockTest {

    @Test
    void baseMockTest() throws InterruptedException {
        //启动服务的端口号
        WireMockServer wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8089));
        //No-args constructor will start on port 8080, no HTTPS（没有定义端口号的情况下，默认端口号是8080）
        wireMockServer.start();
        configureFor(8089);
        //业务逻辑 - 写一个get请求，要求其返回body体的内容
        stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/wiremock"))
                .willReturn(aResponse().withBody("this is a mock server")));
        Thread.sleep(999999);
        //重置数据
        WireMock.reset();
        // 完成之后
        wireMockServer.stop();
    }


    @Test
    void baseMock404Test() throws InterruptedException {
        //启动服务的端口号
        WireMockServer wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8089));
        //No-args constructor will start on port 8080, no HTTPS（没有定义端口号的情况下，默认端口号是8080）
        wireMockServer.start();
        configureFor(8089);
        //业务逻辑 - 写一个get请求，定义状态码不同，返回body体的内容不同
        stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/wiremock"))
                .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(404).withBody("this is a mock server  404")));
        Thread.sleep(999999);
        //重置数据
        WireMock.reset();
        // 完成之后
        wireMockServer.stop();
    }
}

2.4 实战 - mock发送一个带请求参数的请求，请求参数匹配规则

调用下记mock发起请求

@Test
    void requestMock() throws InterruptedException {
        WireMockServer wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8089));
        wireMockServer.start();
        configureFor(8089);
        // any - 希望匹配任何请求方法，带参数的请求必须用urlPathEqualTo
        stubFor(any(urlPathEqualTo("/wiremock"))
                .withHeader("Accept",containing("xml"))
                .withCookie("session",matching(".*12345*"))
                .withQueryParam("search_term",equalTo("WireMock"))
                .withBasicAuth("demi@ceshiren.com","hogwarts1234")
                .withRequestBody(matchingJsonPath("$.a",equalTo("1")))
                .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(200).withBody("request mock server !!"))
        );
        //强制等待
        sleep(999999);
        WireMock.reset();
        wireMockServer.stop();

    }

mock一个匹配上述规则的请求并调用，通过浏览器查看对应接口请求传参和返回响应是否匹配

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;

public class RequestTest {
    @Test
    void requestTest(){
        given().log().all()
                .header("Accept","xml")
                .cookie("session","12345")
                .queryParam("search_term","WireMock")
                .auth().preemptive().basic("demi@ceshiren.com","hogwarts1234")
                .body("{a:1,b:99,c:2}")
                .when()
                .post("http://localhost:8089/wiremock")
                .then().log().all();
    }

}

2.5 实战 - 发送多个请求并返回响应，在浏览器输入http://localhost:8089/__admin/可以查看多个请求响应结果

@Test
    void requestMock2() throws InterruptedException {
        WireMockServer wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8089));
        wireMockServer.start();
        configureFor(8089);
        stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/wirmock/resp"))
                .willReturn(aResponse()
                                .withStatus(200)
                                .withHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain")
                                .withBody("Hello WireMock ResponseMath!")));

        //常见的响应缩写
        stubFor(get("/fine-with-body")
                .willReturn(ok("body content")));

        stubFor(get("/json")
                .willReturn(okJson("{ \"message\": \"Hello\" }")));

        stubFor(get("/annother")
                .willReturn(temporaryRedirect("/new/place")));
        stubFor(get("/new/place")
                .willReturn(okJson("{ \"message\": \"302 local\" }")));

        stubFor(get("/sorry-no")
                .willReturn(unauthorized()));

        stubFor(get("/status-only")
                .willReturn(status(418)));

        sleep(999999);
        WireMock.reset();
        wireMockServer.stop();
    }

多个请求的情况下，可以通过atPriority()方法来设置stub的匹配优先级，数字越小优先级越高

@Test
    void requestMock3() throws InterruptedException {
        WireMockServer wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8089));
        wireMockServer.start();
        configureFor(8089);
        // any - 希望匹配任何请求方法，带参数的请求必须用urlPathEqualTo
        stubFor(get(urlMatching("/api/.*")).atPriority(4)
                .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(200).withBody("api demo")));

        stubFor(get(urlMatching("/api/resource")).atPriority(1)
                .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(200).withBody("resource date")));

        stubFor(any(anyUrl()).atPriority(5)
                .willReturn(aResponse().withStatus(401).withBody("mo matching")));

        sleep(999999);
        WireMock.reset();
        wireMockServer.stop();

    }

2.6 实战 - WireMock录制功能

（a）下载wiremock的jar包（这里是通过docker下载），完成后浏览器打开
http://192.168.43.68:8080/__admin/recorder/ 录制网页

（b）填写需要录制的地址，点击record开始录制

测试用的url为：https://httpbin.ceshiren.com

image1616×841 42.6 KB

（c）通过 http://192.168.43.68:8080 可以直接访问原本的测试地址，表明已实现代理

（d）通过修改Mappings文件的内容，然后重启WireMock之后，对应的修改内容会同步展示在页面

这种方法太繁琐，不推荐，更推荐通过代码的方式来修改返回的内容，具体见下记。

2.7 实战 - WireMock通过代码来修改返回的内容

（a）代码示例：修改response的返回内容

import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.WireMockServer;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.common.FileSource;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.extension.Parameters;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.extension.ResponseTransformer;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.http.Request;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.http.Response;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.*;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;
import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;

public class ProxyMockTest {
    @Test
    void proxyMock() throws InterruptedException {
        int port = 8089;
        //代理规则，指定返回的结果
        WireMockServer wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(
                wireMockConfig().port(port)
                        .extensions(new ResponseTransformer() {
                            //通过重写transform方法，可以对透传后返回的response进行修改
                            @Override
                            public Response transform(Request request, Response response, FileSource fileSource, Parameters parameters) {
                                String bodyAsString = response.getBodyAsString();
                                return Response.Builder.like(response)
                                        .body(response.getBodyAsString().replace("Other Utilities", "Mock Other Utilities"))
                                        .build();
                            }

                            @Override
                            public String getName() {
                                return "ResponseTransformerDemo";
                            }
                        })
        );
        wireMockServer.start();
        configureFor(port);

        //proxiedFrom()填写的是实际访问的地址，通过proxiedFrom()方法使stub匹配到的请求，可以透传到真正的后端
        stubFor(get(urlMatching(".*"))
        .willReturn(aResponse().proxiedFrom("https://httpbin.ceshiren.com")));

        sleep(999999);
        WireMock.reset();
        wireMockServer.stop();
    }
}

（b）访问mock地址http://localhost:8089 并查看对应的内容已修改

image1836×947 64.7 KB