ssh
1、连接ssh
ssh -p username@host
ssh jck28表单填写手机号后4位@shell.ceshiren.com
密码：hogwarts
## 查看帮助
ls --help
man ls #一行一行翻页按回车、一屏一屏翻按空格，往前翻按b,退出按q
##文件管理
### 查看文件信息： ls
ls -a 查看全部文件（包含隐藏文件）
一个点代表当前目录，两个点代表上一级目录
ls -l /ll 显示详细信息
ls -al 显示文件和详细信息
### 切换工作目录： cd
绝对路径： cd /usr/bin
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cd /usr/bin
切换会家目录： cd 回车
相对路径：
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com home]$ cd ../bin
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com bin]$
### 显示当前目录路径： pwd
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ pwd
/home/jck287213/hogwarts
### 创建新目录：mkdir
创建单级目录`预先格式化的文本`
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ mkdir hogwarts
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ mkdir feier
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
feier hogwarts test.sh
创建多级目录
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ mkdir a/b/c
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘a/b/c’: No such file or directory
需加参数 -p
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ mkdir a/b/c -p
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ ls
a
### 创建空文件：touch
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ touch 1.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ cat 1.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$
### 删除文件或[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ touch 1.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ cat 1.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ ls
1.txt a
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ rm 1.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ ls
a
### 删除文件或目录：rm
删除空目录：-r
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com b]$ rm c
rm: cannot remove ‘c’: Is a directory
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com b]$ rm -r c
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com b]$ ls
强制删除目录: -f
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com b]$ rm -rf c
询问删除：-i
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com a]$ rm -ri b
rm: remove directory ‘b’? y
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com a]$
### 拷贝：cp
拷贝文件：
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ touch 1
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1 feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cp ./1 ./feier
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1 feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cd feier/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ls
1
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$
拷贝目录：加-a
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ls
1 a
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ cp ./a ../hogwarts/
cp: omitting directory ‘./a’
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ cp -a ./a ../hogwarts/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ls
1 a
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ cd ..
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1 feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cd hogwarts/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ ls
a
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$
### 移动/重命名：mv
重命名：
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ cd
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1 feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ mv 1 f
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
f feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$
移动文件：
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
f feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ mv f ./hogwarts/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cd hogwarts/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ ls
a f
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$
移动并且重命名文件：
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ ls
a f
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ mv f ../feier/m
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ ls
a
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ cd ../feier/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ls
1 a m
### 建立文件链接：ln
软连接：+s（不占用磁盘空间，删除源文件，目标文件失效，不能用了）
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1 feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ll
total 12
lrwxrwxrwx 1 jck287213 jck287213 9 Oct 8 20:14 1 -> ./feier/1
drwxrwxr-x 3 jck287213 jck287213 4096 Oct 8 20:11 feier
drwxrwxr-x 3 jck287213 jck287213 4096 Oct 8 20:11 hogwarts
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jck287213 jck287213 26 Oct 7 22:18 test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cd feier/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ls
1 a m
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ rm 1
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ cd ..
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1 feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ll
total 12
lrwxrwxrwx 1 jck287213 jck287213 9 Oct 8 20:14 1 -> ./feier/1
drwxrwxr-x 3 jck287213 jck287213 4096 Oct 8 20:14 feier
drwxrwxr-x 3 jck287213 jck287213 4096 Oct 8 20:11 hogwarts
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jck287213 jck287213 26 Oct 7 22:18 test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cat 1
cat: 1: No such file or directory
### 查找文件：find
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ touch 1.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ touch 2.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1.txt 2.txt feier hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ find ./ -name 1.txt
./1.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ find ./ -name '*.txt'
./1.txt
./2.txt
### 查看文件内容：cat、less、more、head、tail
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ less nginx.log
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ cat nginx.log
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ more nginx.log
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ head nginx.log
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ head -n 10 nginx.log
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com hogwarts]$ tail -n 10 nginx.log
### 打包压缩：tar
压缩：
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ tar -zcvf f.tar.gz 1.txt 2.txt
1.txt
2.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1.txt 2.txt feier f.tar.gz hogwarts test.sh
解压缩到当前目录：
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ rm 1.txt 2.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
feier f.tar.gz hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ tar -xf f.tar.gz
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1.txt 2.txt feier f.tar.gz hogwarts test.sh
解压缩到指定目录：
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cd feier/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ls
a m
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ cd ..
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ tar -xf f.tar.gz -C ./feier/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ ls
1.txt 2.txt feier f.tar.gz hogwarts test.sh
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com ~]$ cd feier/
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ls
1.txt 2.txt a m
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$
## 文本处理
### 文本编辑：vi/vim
文本编辑界面：光标跳到开头按gg，光标跳到结尾按G
[Vim] 光标移动到行首、行尾
Shift + 6 : 行首
Shift + 4 : 行尾
### 屏幕输出：echo
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ echo 123
123
### 输出重定向：>
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ echo 123 > n.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ls
1.txt 2.txt a hog m n.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ cat n.txt
123
## 文件属性
## 修改文件权限
r：读权限 read — 4
w：写权限 write — 2
x：执行权限 execute — 1
-： 无权限 — 0
chmod 777 文件
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ll
total 12
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 0 Oct 8 20:22 1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 0 Oct 8 20:22 2.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 jck287213 jck287213 4096 Oct 7 23:11 a
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 33 Oct 8 20:46 hog
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 0 Oct 7 23:08 m
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 4 Oct 8 20:49 n.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ chmod 777 1.txt
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ll
total 12
-rwxrwxrwx 1 jck287213 jck287213 0 Oct 8 20:22 1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 0 Oct 8 20:22 2.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 jck287213 jck287213 4096 Oct 7 23:11 a
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 33 Oct 8 20:46 hog
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 0 Oct 7 23:08 m
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jck287213 jck287213 4 Oct 8 20:49 n.txt
## 查看网卡信息
ifconfig
ip addr
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.19.147.8 netmask 255.255.240.0 broadcast 172.19.159.255
ether 00:16:3e:04:1c:75 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 658592431 bytes 238581038818 (222.1 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 561733446 bytes 382054803847 (355.8 GiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
## 测试远程主机的连通性
ping
-c：ping 的次数
-i：每次 ping 的时间间隔
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ ping -c 3 -i 3 www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (153.3.238.102) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 153.3.238.102 (153.3.238.102): icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=11.4 ms
64 bytes from 153.3.238.102 (153.3.238.102): icmp_seq=2 ttl=49 time=11.2 ms
64 bytes from 153.3.238.102 (153.3.238.102): icmp_seq=3 ttl=49 time=11.2 ms
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 6005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 11.209/11.297/11.474/0.174 ms
## 打印 Linux 网络系统的状态信息
netstat
-t：列出所有 tcp
-n：以数字形式显示地址和端口
-p：显示进程的 pid 和名字
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$ netstat -tnp
(No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=10316 but you should be root.)
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 52 172.19.147.8:22 211.161.248.214:52799 ESTABLISHED -
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:50562 140.205.135.3:443 ESTABLISHED -
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:47260 100.100.30.26:80 ESTABLISHED -
tcp6 0 0 172.19.147.8:9100 47.95.206.45:29654 ESTABLISHED -
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:43748 127.0.0.1:25 TIME_WAIT -
[jck287213@shell.ceshiren.com feier]$
## 退出 Linux 系统
exit