一、Har简介
- Har格式是指HTTP归档格式（HTTP Archive Format）。
- 用于记录HTTP会话信息的文件格式。
- 多个浏览器都可以生成 Har 格式的数据。
二、应用场景
- 通过 Har 格式的接口数据，转换为接口自动化测试脚本：
- 提升脚本的编写效率；
- 降低脚本的出BUG的几率；
三、实现思路
- 读取Har数据，获取到request内容。
- 提前准备测试用例模版，读取模板文件，将模板中的数据进行替换。
- 将读取的Har数据写入到模板中，替换后的模板写入测试用例文件。
四、模板技术
1、什么是Mustache
-
Mustache是一种轻量级的模板语言。
-
需要定义模板，然后可以将数据填充到设定好的位置。
-
python的第三方库：
- pystache：
pip install pystache； - chevron：
pip install chevron；–更推荐使用： chevron is fast Chevron runs in less than half the time of pystache (Which is not even up to date on the spec). And in about 70% the time of Stache (A ‘trimmed’ version of mustache, also not spec compliant).
- pystache：
2、模板技术使用
-
pystache库：
pystache.render("origin_data",{"key":"value"}； -
chevron库：
chevron.render("origin_data",{"key":"value"}； -
参数说明：
- 参数一：使用
{{key}}占位的字符串数据； - 参数二：需要替换进去的键值对数据，key为占位的变量，value为需要替换进去的值；
- 参数一：使用
五、使用har生成接口测试用例
1、常用模板
（1）Junit接口测试用例模板
package com.ceshiren.har;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;
public class HttpbinTest {
@Test
void httpbinReq() {
given()
// 可以设置测试预设
.when()
// 发起 GET 请求
.get("{{url}}")
.then()
// 解析结果
.log().all() // 打印完整响应信息
.statusCode(200); // 响应断言
}
}
（2）httprunner 的用例模版
config:
name: basic test with httpbin
teststeps:
-
name: httprunner的模板
request:
url: {{url}}
method: GET
validate_script:
- "assert status_code == 200"
3、python 接口测试用例模板
import requests
def test_request():
r = requests.get(url="{{url}}")
2、生成python(pytest)接口测试用例模板
- 读取Har数据，获取到request内容。
- 提前准备测试用例模版，读取模板文件，将模板中的数据进行替换。
- 将读取的Har数据写入到模板中，替换后的模板写入测试用例文件。
pytest.template
import requests
def test_case_{{title}}():
# 发起请求，json参数根据实际情况自行传入参数，get请求用params传入，post请求如果是formdata用data传入，如果是json就用json传入
response = requests.request(method="{{method}}",url="{{url}}",json=)
# 断言-状态码
assert response.status_code == 200
har2case.py
import json
import chevron
from jsonpath import jsonpath
class GenerateCase:
# 读取har文件获取到request内容
def __load_har(self,har_filename):
with open(har_filename,'r',encoding='utf8') as f:
har_dict = json.load(f)
# 返回request内容
return jsonpath(har_dict,"$..request")[0]
# 以har中数据替换模板中的变量并以模板生成测试用例
def generate_case_by_template(self,template_filename,case_filename,har_filename):
# 1、获取har中的request数据
request_data = self.__load_har(har_filename)
method = request_data["method"]
url = request_data["url"]
title = url.split("/")[len(url.split("/"))-1]
# title = url.
# 2、读取模板文件，将模板中的数据进行替换
with open(template_filename,'r',encoding='utf8') as f:
template = f.read()
# 替换
case_content = chevron.render(template,{"method":method,"url":url,"title":title})
# 3、替换后的模板写入测试用例文件
with open(case_filename,'w',encoding='utf8') as f:
f.write(case_content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
har_filename = "../data/litemall.hogwarts.ceshiren.com.har"
case_filename = "../testcase/test_login.py"
template_filename = "../data/pytest.template"
GenerateCase().generate_case_by_template(template_filename,case_filename,har_filename)
litemall.hogwarts.ceshiren.com.har
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"httpVersion": "http/2.0",
"headers": [
{
"name": ":authority",
"value": "litemall.hogwarts.ceshiren.com"
},
{
"name": ":method",
"value": "POST"
},
{
"name": ":path",
"value": "/wx/auth/login"
},
{
"name": ":scheme",
"value": "https"
},
{
"name": "accept",
"value": "application/json, text/plain, */*"
},
{
"name": "accept-encoding",
"value": "gzip, deflate, br"
},
{
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"value": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6"
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{
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"value": "application/json"
},
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},
{
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},
{
"name": "pragma",
"value": "no-cache"
},
{
"name": "referer",
"value": "https://litemall.hogwarts.ceshiren.com/vue/index.html"
},
{
"name": "sec-fetch-dest",
"value": "empty"
},
{
"name": "sec-fetch-mode",
"value": "cors"
},
{
"name": "sec-fetch-site",
"value": "same-origin"
},
{
"name": "user-agent",
"value": "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 13_2_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.0.3 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1 Edg/115.0.0.0"
},
{
"name": "x-litemall-token",
"value": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ0aGlzIGlzIGxpdGVtYWxsIHRva2VuIiwiYXVkIjoiTUlOSUFQUCIsImlzcyI6IkxJVEVNQUxMIiwiZXhwIjoxNjk3MjU3NzU3LCJ1c2VySWQiOjQwOTk2OSwiaWF0IjoxNjk3MjUwNTU3fQ.hm4pFgM--OzVLbeDgTy26-aFIHUvqCkfzyyp804JE3A"
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"secure": false
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"sameSite": "Lax"
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"mimeType": "application/json",
"text": "{\"username\":\"user123\",\"password\":\"user123\"}"
}
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"statusText": "OK",
"httpVersion": "http/2.0",
"headers": [
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"name": "access-control-allow-credentials",
"value": "true"
},
{
"name": "access-control-allow-origin",
"value": "https://litemall.hogwarts.ceshiren.com"
},
{
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"value": "gzip"
},
{
"name": "content-type",
"value": "application/json;charset=UTF-8"
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{
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},
{
"name": "vary",
"value": "accept-encoding,origin,access-control-request-headers,access-control-request-method,accept-encoding"
}
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"cookies": [],
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}
}
test_login.py
import requests
def test_case_login():
# 发起请求，json参数根据实际情况自行传入参数，get请求用params传入，post请求如果是formdata用data传入，如果是json就用json传入
response = requests.request(method="POST",url="https://litemall.hogwarts.ceshiren.com/wx/auth/login",json=)
# 断言-状态码
assert response.status_code == 200