部门表 Department：
+---------------+---------+
| Column Name | Type |
+---------------+---------+
| id | int |
| revenue | int |
| month | varchar |
+---------------+---------+
(id, month) 是表的联合主键。
这个表格有关于每个部门每月收入的信息。
月份（month）可以取下列值 ["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"]。
编写一个 SQL 查询来重新格式化表，使得新的表中有一个部门 id 列和一些对应 每个月 的收入（revenue）列。
查询结果格式如下面的示例所示：
Department 表：
+------+---------+-------+
| id | revenue | month |
+------+---------+-------+
| 1 | 8000 | Jan |
| 2 | 9000 | Jan |
| 3 | 10000 | Feb |
| 1 | 7000 | Feb |
| 1 | 6000 | Mar |
+------+---------+-------+
查询得到的结果表：
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+
| id | Jan_Revenue | Feb_Revenue | Mar_Revenue | ... | Dec_Revenue |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+
| 1 | 8000 | 7000 | 6000 | ... | null |
| 2 | 9000 | null | null | ... | null |
| 3 | null | 10000 | null | ... | null |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----+-------------+
注意，结果表有 13 列 (1个部门 id 列 + 12个月份的收入列)。
一解
先使用 group by 进行分组，然后使用 sum 实现聚合函数：
SELECT id,
sum(case month when 'Jan' then revenue end) as Jan_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Feb' then revenue end) as Feb_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Mar' then revenue end) as Mar_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Apr' then revenue end) as Apr_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'May' then revenue end) as May_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Jun' then revenue end) as Jun_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Jul' then revenue end) as Jul_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Aug' then revenue end) as Aug_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Sep' then revenue end) as Sep_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Oct' then revenue end) as Oct_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Nov' then revenue end) as Nov_Revenue,
sum(case month when 'Dec' then revenue end) as Dec_Revenue
FROM Department
GROUP BY id