参考资料
- requests 官方网址：https://2.python-requests.org/en/master/
- 接口练习环境： http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/
安装
- pip 安装
pip install requests - pycharm 安装
使用
import requests
# 发送get请求
def test_get():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/get"
r = requests.get(url)
# text 自动解码服务器的响应数据
print(r.text)
# content 字节的方式展示响应数据
print(r.content)
# json 直接返回一个字典
print(r.json())
# 返回原始的内存地址
print(r.raw)
# 获取响应的状态码
def test_status_code():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/get"
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.status_code)
assert r.status_code == 200
# 获取响应头信息
def test_get_header():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/get"
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.headers)
print(r.headers["Content-Type"])
print(r.headers.get("Content-Type"))
# 发送带参数的get请求
def test_get_params():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/get"
data = {
"key1": "value1",
"key2": ["value2", "value3"]
}
r = requests.get(url, params=data)
print(r.text)
# 定制请求头信息
def test_headers():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/get"
headers = {
"User-Agent": "feier"
}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
print(r.text)
# 发送post请求
def test_post():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/post"
r = requests.post(url)
print(r.text)
# post请求传递表单
def test_post_data():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/post"
data = {
"key1": "value1",
"key2": "value2"
}
r = requests.post(url, data=data)
print(r.text)
# post 请求传递json格式参数
def test_post_json():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/post"
data = {
"key1": "value1",
"key2": "value2"
}
r = requests.post(url, json=data)
print(r.text)
# post 请求上传文件
def test_post_file():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/post"
file_name = "file.txt"
files = {
'file': open(file_name, 'rb')
}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.text)
# 访问cookie
def test_get_cookie():
url = "https://www.baidu.com"
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.cookies)
# 设置cookie
def test_set_cookie():
url = "http://httpbin.ceshiren.com/cookies/set"
cookies = {
"my_cookie": "hogwarts"
}
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
print(r.text)