Selenium
Selenium IDE
CSS 表达式
| Selector | Example | Example description |
|---|---|---|
| .class | .intro | Selects all elements with class=intro |
| .class1.class2 | .name1.name2 | Selects all elements with both name1 and name2 set within its class attribute |
| .class1 .class2 | .name1 .name2 | Selects all elements with name2 that is a descendant of an element with name1 |
| #id | #firstname | Selects the element with id=firstname |
| * | * | Selects all elements |
| element | p | Selects all elements |
| element.class | p.intro | Selects all elements with class=intro |
| element,element | div, p | Selects all elements and all
elements |
| element element | div p | Selects all elements inside elements
|
| element>element | div > p | Selects all elements where the parent is a element
|
| element+element | div + p | Selects the first element that is placed immediately after elements
|
| element1~element2 | p ~ ul | Selects every
element |
| [attribute] | [target] | Selects all elements with a target attribute |
| [attribute=value] | [target=_blank] | Selects all elements with target=_blank |
| [attribute~=value] | [title~=flower] | Selects all elements with a title attribute containing the word flower |
| [attribute | =value] | [lang |
| [attribute^=value] | a[href^=https] | Selects every element whose href attribute value begins with https |
| [attribute$=value] | a[href$=.pdf] | Selects every element whose href attribute value ends with .pdf |
| [attribute*=value] | a[href*=w3schools] | Selects every element whose href attribute value contains the substring w3schools |
| :active | a:active | Selects the active link |
| ::after | p::after | Insert something after the content of each element |
| ::before | p::before | Insert something before the content of each element |
| :checked | input:checked | Selects every checked element |
| :default | input:default | Selects the default element |
| :disabled | input:disabled | Selects every disabled element |
| :empty | p:empty | Selects every element that has no children (including text nodes) |
| :enabled | input:enabled | Selects every enabled element |
| :first-child | p:first-child | Selects every element that is the first child of its parent |
| ::first-letter | p::first-letter | Selects the first letter of every element |
| ::first-line | p::first-line | Selects the first line of every element |
| :first-of-type | p:first-of-type | Selects every element that is the first element of its parent |
| :focus | input:focus | Selects the input element which has focus |
| :fullscreen | :fullscreen | Selects the element that is in full-screen mode |
| :hover | a:hover | Selects links on mouse over |
| :in-range | input:in-range | Selects input elements with a value within a specified range |
| :indeterminate | input:indeterminate | Selects input elements that are in an indeterminate state |
| :invalid | input:invalid | Selects all input elements with an invalid value |
| :lang(language) | p:lang(it) | Selects every element with a lang attribute equal to it (Italian) |
| :last-child | p:last-child | Selects every element that is the last child of its parent |
| :last-of-type | p:last-of-type | Selects every element that is the last element of its parent |
| :link | a:link | Selects all unvisited links |
| ::marker | ::marker | Selects the markers of list items |
| :not(selector) | :not(p) | Selects every element that is not a element |
| :nth-child(n) | p:nth-child(2) | Selects every element that is the second child of its parent |
| :nth-last-child(n) | p:nth-last-child(2) | Selects every element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-last-of-type(n) | p:nth-last-of-type(2) | Selects every element that is the second element of its parent, counting from the last child |
| :nth-of-type(n) | p:nth-of-type(2) | Selects every element that is the second element of its parent |
| :only-of-type | p:only-of-type | Selects every element that is the only element of its parent |
| :only-child | p:only-child | Selects every element that is the only child of its parent |
| :optional | input:optional | Selects input elements with no required attribute |
| :out-of-range | input:out-of-range | Selects input elements with a value outside a specified range |
| ::placeholder | input::placeholder | Selects input elements with the placeholder attribute specified |
| :read-only | input:read-only | Selects input elements with the readonly attribute specified |
| :read-write | input:read-write | Selects input elements with the readonly attribute NOT specified |
| :required | input:required | Selects input elements with the required attribute specified |
| :root | :root | Selects the document’s root element |
| ::selection | ::selection | Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user |
| :target | #news:target | Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name) |
| :valid | input:valid | Selects all input elements with a valid value |
| :visited | a:visited | Selects all visited links |
练习3
- 打开 https://ceshiren.com
- 点击搜索按钮
- 点击高级搜索按钮
- 在输入框内输入你的查询词
- 点击搜索
使用selenium ide录制测试用例，并导出为脚本放到项目中。
练习4
- 把录制的脚本进行优化 定位符
- 浏览量过滤
- 参数化 至少3个搜素词
- 断言
常见错误
selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotInteractableException: Message: element not interactable
加入显式等待
Page Object Model
PO的六大原则
- class 使用类代表页面
- method 使用公开方法代表页面所提供的功能
- params 用参数代表一个功能的输入数据，用返回值代表一个功能的结果
- return 一个方法的结果可以是页面对象，可以是当前页面对象自己，或者其他的页面对象。也可以是返回的数据
- testcase 调用页面对象，使用初始化实例、调用方法、获取数据进行断言，用到测试前置、测试数据、测试的步骤，断言。
- automation 页面对象的初始化方法构造与传参，具体的页面对象方法自动化过程与传参、定位符
练习5
把自己的搜索测试代码转成基于Page Object Models的形式，完成后在群里回复5
宠物商店演练
https://petclinic-angular-web.k8s.hogwarts.ceshiren.com/#/welcome
练习6
使用pom模型完成宠物商店的宠物主人、宠物的测试用例，搜索、增加