结论
根据 JetBrain公司发布的Python Developers Survey 2020 Results的调查结果，Flask以46%的采纳比例超越了Django的43%成为最流行的Python界Web开发框架。同样以类似Flask风格的FastAPI也在快速增长。
Flask与Django分别代表的是两种设计理念，简约灵活VS全能强大。在每个语言中都有这两种设计理念的代表，比如SparkJava与Spring，Sinatra与Rails等。Flask的特点是入门简单、易用和灵活的组装特性，适合快速开发。Django是面向专业的网站开发工程师的设计的，所以更成熟稳定。测试开发工程师的核心工作主要是自动化、测试技术研发、测试服务开发。因为对能力的要求更全面，网站开发只是其中一部分的工作，所以更快速易用的框架是首选，推荐使用Flask与FastAPI。
我的建议是先使用这些迷你的开发框架，比如Python中的Flask或FastAPI，或者Java中的SparkJava。如果工作中频繁用到了太多的Web开发技术，再考虑切换到更复杂的框架，比如Python中的Django或者Java中的Spring全家桶，但是这个时候一定要慎重考虑，你是要做一名测试开发工程师，还是要做一名网站开发工程师，因为99%以上的企业与网站开发工程师都在使用Java与Spring全家桶，在Python的技术栈上去构建Web开发技术是不利于发展的。更建议的是前期使用迷你型框架，后面如何需要更专业的网站开发，并且你有意愿深入这个方向，那么最好是切换下到Java中的Spring全家桶。
作为测试开发工程师，需要同时具备两种语言的能力，顶层使用Python语言或者Kotlin这样的全能语言，底层语言在三个方向（Native、JVM、Web）上要掌握其中一种底层语言。Python虽然是全世界使用最广泛的编程语言，但是不适合企业级别开发。企业级别的方案主要还是JVM（Java、Kotlin、Scala）、Native（Go/Rust/C/C++)、Web（JavaScript/TypeScript/Nodejs）这些语言为主。将来我们要对这些研发的产出进行更多的测试，比如代码分析、代码审计、覆盖率统计、单元测试审计、精准测试、apm、全链路分析等等，就需要我们同时掌握一门底层语言的。
Difference Between Flask and Django 对比
Flask vs Django
Flask and Django are the two most popular Python- frameworks. Here are some important difference between Django and Flask.
| Flask | Django |
|---|---|
| Created in 2010 | Created in 2005 |
| Python web framework built for rapid development. | Python web framework built for easy and simple projects. |
| Flask is WSGI framework. | Django is a Full Stack Web Framework. |
| Flask provides support for API. | Django doesn’t have any support for API. |
| Support Visual Debug. | No support for Visual Debug. |
| Flask allows you to use multiple types of databases. | Django doesn’t offer multiple types of databases. |
| Flask has no default support for forms, but you can use WTForms to fill the gap. | Django comes Form with which can be integrate with the ORM and the admin site. |
| Flask does not offer dynamic HTML pages. | Django offers dynamic HTML pages. |
| The request based object is imported from the flask module, which is a global variable in Flask. | All views are set as an individual parameter in the Django. |
| Flask is much younger platform compared to Django. | Django is a very mature framework. |
| Flask offers a diversified working style. | Django offers a Monolithic working style. |
| It supports an extension which could be implemented in the framework. | Django has its own module library. So, it stores several prewritten codes. |
| The structure of the project layout for Flask web framework is random. | The structure of the project layout for the Django is conventional. |
| Flask web framework uses a Ninja2 template design. | Django web framework helps you to utilizes the View web templating system. |
| URL dispatcher of the Flask web framework is a RESTful request. | URL dispatcher of this Django framework is based on controller-regex. |
| Flask does not offer a built-in bootstrapping tool. | Django-admin enables developers to start building web applications without any external input. |
| Flask is a good choice if you want a lightweight codebase. | The best feature of Django is Robust documentation. |
| Flask framework is suitable for single application. | Django framework allows developers to divide a project into multiple page application. |
| Flask Web Framework doesn’t offer support for third-party applications. | Django Web Framework supports a large number of third-party applications. |
| Git hub stars 48.8 K | Git hub stars 47.1 K |
| Best features of the flask is it is lightweight, open source, and offer minimal coding for developing an application. | The best features of Django are Rapid development, Open source, Great Community, Easy to learn. |
| Famous companies using Flask are: Netflix, Reddit, Lyft, MIT | Famous companies using Django are Instagram, Coursera, Udemy. |
